المستخلص
spinosa) using a green method, then graphene oxide (GO) was prepared using the Hummer modified method and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was obtained by reducing it with hydrazine. The conductive polyaniline (PANI) was then synthesized. The binary nanocomposites (GO-CuO) and (rGO-CuO) were synthesized utilizing the aforementioned basic ingredients. Ultimately, the aforementioned binary composites with polyaniline (PANI) were used to prepare the ternary nanocomposites (GO-CuO-PANI), (rGO-CuO-PANI) using in situ polymerization. Nanocomposites were analyzed utilizing infrared techniques (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (X-ray), and Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The memberans were synthesized by dissolving polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in heated water and subsequently combining the resultant solution with the ternary nanocomposite in various weight ratios to produce the films. The electrical properties were examined using (PVA) single and (PVA) hybrid polymer membrane techniques (LCR) by incorporating a manufactured ternary nanocomposite (GO-CuO-PANI) at varying weight ratios (1, 2, 3, 4, 5%) and a nanocomposite (rGO-CuO-PANI) at weight ratios (2, 4, 6, 8, 10%) within a specified frequency range (1KHz-5KHz) at a designated temperature (250C). The electrical conductivity measurements indicated decrease in the dielectric constant (e¢) where the highest value was (9.322) with the ratio (8%) for (PVA/rGO-CuO-PANI) membrane, the highest value for (PVA/GO-CuO-PANI membrane with the ratio (3%) was (9.718) and the dielectric loss factor (tand) for hybrid membranes (PVA) showed a decrease with increasing frequency, reaching the highest value of (1.031) with a ratio of (10%) for (PVA/rGO-CuO-PANI) membrane and the highest value of (PVA/GO-CuO-PANI) membrane with a ratio of (3%) was (1.019). Alternating electrical conductivity (σa.c) showed an increase with increasing frequency. The alternating electrical conductivity (σa.c) rises with higher frequency. Measurements of thermal characteristics indicated that the thermal conductivity coefficient rises with an increase in the weight ratio of the reinforced nanoparticles. The ternary nanocomposite (GO-CuO-PANI) was employed to remove lead ion contamination and the using nanocomposites (GO-CuO), (rGO-CuO) to remove contamination orange-G dye from dilute aqueous solutions. A number of factors influencing the lead ion and orange-G dye removal rate in the adsorbat were examined. The time required to remove lead ions and achieve equilibrium was (20 minutes) while the best surface removal (GO-CuO) was (30minutes) and the surface (rGO-CuO) was the best removal was (10 minutes). The optimal weight for removal (0.05g) at all the surfaces nanocomposites. The best Lead ion adsorption on the prepared surface was observed at (pH=8) while the best of removal for two surfaces (GO-CuO), (rGO-CuO) was (pH=2). The findings indicated that the adsorption process conforms to pseudo-second-order kinetics for two surfaces (GO-CuO), (rGO-CuO). The various thermodynamic functions of adsorption were studied as well the process is obviously exothermic for the lead ion and surface (GO-CuO), while the surface (rGO-CuO) was endothermic (DG) has exhibits negative values for binary nanocomposites, indicating that the adsorption processes transpire spontaneously. The molecules have become less constrained, according to positive (DS) values. Because the study findings showed linear associations with strong correlation coefficients and were generally compatible with each other, the isotherm of the dye orange-G for the surface (rGO-CuO) exhibited greater conformity with the Freundlich isotherm, and the surface (GO-CuO) was exhibited greater conformity with the Temken isotherm.
